Association Between Smoking and Smokeless from of Tobacco With candida Species in The Oral Cavity.

Candida species constitute a part of the human oral commensal flora in 2 to 71 percent healthy subjects. Several previous studies have reported that tobacco smoking, either alone or combination with other systemic local factors, is associated increased candidal colonization development candidosis. It has been suggested cigarette smoking might lead localized epithelial alterations allowing colonization. Cigarette smoke may also provide nutrition for candida albicans. Theories offer partial explanations why smokers be more prone leukoplakia higher potential malignant changes than leukoplakias. Aim study was assess and compare quantitative between group smokeless form users